{"id":4459,"date":"2018-04-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/blog\/toeic-grammaire-verbes-a-particules\/"},"modified":"2022-08-24T17:11:23","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T15:11:23","slug":"grammaire-verbes-a-particules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/fr\/general-english-grammaire-verbes-a-particules\/","title":{"rendered":"Les verbes \u00e0 particules &#8211; Fiche de grammaire anglaise gratuite"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><div class=\"seocont\">\n<div class=\"title\">\n<p>Vous avez s\u00fbrement d\u00e9j\u00e0 vu ou entendu des expressions de tous les jours comme<em> \u2018<u>Come in<\/u>\u00a0and\u00a0<u>sit down<\/u>\u2019 <\/em>ou<em> \u2018<u>Hold on<\/u>, I\u2019ll\u00a0<u>put<\/u>\u00a0you\u00a0<u>through<\/u>\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>On les appelle les verbes \u00e0 particules (phrasal verbs ou verbes pr\u00e9positionnels), c\u2019est \u00e0 dire un verbe + une particule (qui peut \u00eatre un adverbe ou une pr\u00e9position). Chaque verbe \u00e0 particule a sa propre signification et m\u00eame parfois plusieurs significations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-widget-area fusion-widget-area-1 fusion-content-widget-area\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-widget-area-1 {padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {font-size:18px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 {font-size:18px;}<\/style><div id=\"custom_html-452\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html\" style=\"border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;\"><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"full-widget-flag\"><img class=\"widget-title-icon\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Trac-34.png\">OFFERT !<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"full-widget-content\">\r\n<h3 class=\"full-widget-title highlight\">\r\n<strong>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger votre guide gratuit<\/strong> de pr\u00e9paration au BRIGHT English<\/h3>\r\n\t<div class=\"widget-cta\"><a href=\"\/blog\/fr\/ressources\/ebooks\/ebook-bright-english\/\" style=\"color: white !important; text-decoration: none !important;\">J'EN PROFITE !<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-additional-widget-content\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;margin-top : 30px;margin-bottom : 60px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><div class=\"seocont\">\n<div class=\"title\">\n<p><em>Take off:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>The plane has just\u00a0<u>taken off<\/u>.\u00a0<\/em>(the plane is leaving the ground)<\/li>\n<li><em>Feel free to\u00a0<u>take off<\/u>\u00a0your jacket.\u00a0<\/em>(= remove)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le sens du verbe initial est modifi\u00e9 par la particule. Parfois, les verbes pr\u00e9positionnels\u00a0sont faciles \u00e0 comprendre parce que leur particule a un sens litt\u00e9ral\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><em>Stand up, go away, get in, get out, jump down, climb up<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mais beaucoup de verbes \u00e0 particules ont un sens figuratif ou idiomatique et peuvent \u00eatre le synonyme d\u2019un autre verbe en un mot, qui a souvent des racines latines\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><em>Turn down = refuse\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 leave out = omit\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 go on = continue\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 set up = establish<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Go off = explode \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0give up = abandon \u00a0 \u00a0 work out = calculate\u00a0\u00a0 make up = invent<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Certains verbes pr\u00e9positionnels\u00a0peuvent avoir un objet qui se place avant ou apr\u00e8s la particule \u2013 c\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle un verbe \u00e0 particule s\u00e9parable\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>They\u00a0<u>put off<\/u>\u00a0the meeting.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>They\u00a0<u>put<\/u>\u00a0the meeting\u00a0<u>off<\/u>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Si l\u2019objet est tr\u00e8s long, il vaut mieux garder le verbe et la particule ensemble\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><em>The assistant\u00a0<u>wrote down<\/u>\u00a0both the caller\u2019s home and mobile phone numbers.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Si on utilise un pronom, il se place en entre le verbe et la particule\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><em>They put\u00a0<strong>it<\/strong>\u00a0off. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The assistant wrote\u00a0<strong>them<\/strong>\u00a0down.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Les verbes \u00e0 particules ins\u00e9parables sont ceux qui ne peuvent \u00eatre s\u00e9par\u00e9s\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Please\u00a0<u>hold on<\/u>.<\/em>\u00a0(wait)<\/li>\n<li><em>I\u2019ll\u00a0<u>look into<\/u>\u00a0this matter.\u00a0<\/em>(investigate)<\/li>\n<li><em>I\u00a0<u>ran into<\/u>\u00a0my old colleague at the cafeteria.\u00a0<\/em>(meet unexpectedly)<\/li>\n<li><em>The packaging machine\u00a0<u>broke down<\/u>\u00a0last week.\u00a0<\/em>(be out of order)<\/li>\n<li><em>She\u00a0<u>got over<\/u>\u00a0her illness very quickly.<\/em>\u00a0(recover)<\/li>\n<li><em>My sister is staying home to\u00a0<u>look after<\/u>\u00a0the children today.\u00a0<\/em>(take care of)<\/li>\n<li><em>Dave\u00a0<u>took up<\/u>\u00a0computer programming when he was out of work.\u00a0<\/em>(begin learning something)<\/li>\n<li><em>I\u00a0<u>came across<\/u>\u00a0an interesting article in the paper.<\/em>\u00a0(discover by accident)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Aidez-vous du sens initial des particules ou pr\u00e9position pour comprendre la signification du verbe :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Down\u00a0<\/em>= become less\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0completely to the ground\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0stopping completely\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0on paper<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Turn down\u00a0<\/em>the music,\u00a0<em>bring down\u00a0<\/em>prices,\u00a0<em>knock down<\/em>\u00a0a building, a factory\u00a0<em>closed down, write down\u00a0<\/em>the message,\u00a0<em>note down\u00a0<\/em>the information.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Off =\u00a0<\/em>away, departing\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0disconnected<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Drove off\u00a0<\/em>into the sunset,\u00a0<em>see<\/em>\u00a0someone\u00a0<em>off\u00a0<\/em>at the airport, the plane\u00a0<em>took off, switch off\u00a0<\/em>the light,\u00a0<em>cut off\u00a0<\/em>the power.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>On =\u00a0<\/em>connected\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0wearing\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0continuing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Turn on\u00a0<\/em>the computer,\u00a0<em>leave on\u00a0<\/em>the lights,\u00a0<em>try on<\/em>\u00a0the jacket,\u00a0<em>carry on\u00a0<\/em>working,\u00a0<em>drive on<\/em>\u00a0a bit further,\u00a0<em>hang on\u00a0<\/em>a second.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Out =\u00a0<\/em>away, disappearing\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0distributing\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0out loud\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0from start to finish<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Blow out\u00a0<\/em>a flame,\u00a0<em>wash out\u00a0<\/em>some dirt,\u00a0<em>cross out<\/em>\u00a0a mistake,\u00a0<em>hand out<\/em>\u00a0flyers,\u00a0<em>give out<\/em>\u00a0presents,\u00a0<em>read out\u00a0<\/em>the names,\u00a0<em>shout out\u00a0<\/em>the answers,\u00a0<em>write out<\/em>\u00a0a list,\u00a0<em>work out\u00a0<\/em>the solution.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Up =\u00a0<\/em>increasing\u00a0<u>or<\/u>\u00a0completely<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Speak up;<\/em>\u00a0we can\u2019t hear, taxes are\u00a0<em>going up, fill up\u00a0<\/em>the car with gas,\u00a0<em>rip up<\/em>\u00a0the paper,\u00a0<em>catch up\u00a0<\/em>to them,\u00a0<em>eat up\u00a0<\/em>all the food.<\/p>\n<p>Un autre moyen d\u2019apprendre et d\u2019organiser les verbes \u00e0 particules est de prendre un verbe et de recenser les diff\u00e9rentes pr\u00e9positions\u00a0qu\u2019on lui associe fr\u00e9quemment\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Call in<\/em>: for a radio program<\/li>\n<li><em>Call on<\/em>: seek help<\/li>\n<li><em>Call out<\/em>: shout<\/li>\n<li><em>Drop off<\/em>: leave out of a vehicle<\/li>\n<li><em>Drop out<\/em>: leave school before graduating<\/li>\n<li><em>Draw up<\/em>: Pull forward, plan, arrive<\/li>\n<li><em>Fall behind<\/em>: be slower than others<\/li>\n<li><em>Fall out with:\u00a0<\/em>no longer speak with someone<\/li>\n<li><em>Fall through<\/em>: not happen<\/li>\n<li><em>Fill in\/out<\/em>: complete a form\/document<\/li>\n<li><em>Get along\/on with<\/em>: have a good relationship with<\/li>\n<li><em>Get around\u00a0<\/em>: travel, move about, circulate<\/li>\n<li><em>Get into<\/em>:\u00a0enter<\/li>\n<li><em>Get off<\/em>: leave a transportation<\/li>\n<li><em>Get on<\/em>: walk on a transportation<\/li>\n<li><em>Get rid of\u00a0<\/em>: eliminate<\/li>\n<li><em>Get through\u00a0<\/em>: reach on the phone, survive<\/li>\n<li><em>Get to\u00a0<\/em>: arrive at<\/li>\n<li><em>Get up\u00a0<\/em>: rise<\/li>\n<li><em>Give in<\/em>: surrender<\/li>\n<li><em>Give up<\/em>: abandon<\/li>\n<li><em>Go around<\/em>: rotate<\/li>\n<li><em>Go out<\/em>: go outside<\/li>\n<li><em>Go over<\/em>: review in details<\/li>\n<li><em>Go up<\/em>: increase<\/li>\n<li><em>Have somebody over<\/em>: receive someone<\/li>\n<li><em>Have under the belt<\/em>: achieve<\/li>\n<li><em>Keep up with<\/em>: continue, carry on<\/li>\n<li><em>Leave behind<\/em>: to forget something when you leave<\/li>\n<li><em>Leave out<\/em>: to omit<\/li>\n<li><em>Lock in<\/em>: prevent from leaving<\/li>\n<li><em>Lock out<\/em>: stuck outside<\/li>\n<li><em>Lock up<\/em>: imprison<em> Look after:\u00a0<\/em>take care of<\/li>\n<li><em>Look at:\u00a0<\/em>watch<\/li>\n<li><em>Look for:\u00a0<\/em>search, seek<\/li>\n<li><em>Look forward to:<\/em>\u00a0wait for or anticipate something<\/li>\n<li><em>Look in\u00a0:<\/em> to visit or check<\/li>\n<li><em>Look into:\u00a0<\/em>investigate<\/li>\n<li><em>Look out:<\/em> be careful<\/li>\n<li><em>Pass along<\/em>: share<\/li>\n<li><em>Pass by<\/em>: miss the details<\/li>\n<li><em>Pass over<\/em>: not give consideration to<\/li>\n<li><em>Pass through<\/em>: quickly go through<\/li>\n<li><em>Put off<\/em>: postpone, set a later date, disgust<\/li>\n<li><em>Settle down<\/em>: become stable or calm<\/li>\n<li><em>Sign off<\/em>: end a letter<\/li>\n<li><em>Sign on<\/em>: agree to join<\/li>\n<li><em>Sign out<\/em>: indicate a departure by signing a register<\/li>\n<li><em>Sign up<\/em>: register<\/li>\n<li><em>Slow up\/down<\/em>: move\/go slower<\/li>\n<li><em>Take in\u00a0<\/em>: understand, make clothing fit more tightly, to be fooled<\/li>\n<li><em>Take off<\/em>: leave, depart<\/li>\n<li><em>Take out<\/em>: bring outside<\/li>\n<li><em>Take over<\/em>: take control of<\/li>\n<li><em>Take to<\/em>: adapt to<\/li>\n<li><em>Take up\u00a0<\/em>: learn something new<\/li>\n<li><em>Turn down<\/em>: refuse<\/li>\n<li><em>Set off<\/em>: leave<\/li>\n<li><em>Write off<\/em>: eliminate or enter a loss<\/li>\n<li><em>Write out<\/em>: write information explicitly and in detail<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Parfois, le verbe \u00e0 particules peut \u00eatre transform\u00e9 en nom (souvent dans le m\u00eame ordre \u2013 verbe + particule \u2013 mais parfois dans l\u2019ordre inverse)\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>They had a\u00a0<u>falling-out<\/u>\u00a0and no longer speak to each other.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>The machine had a\u00a0<u>breakdown<\/u>.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>The economy has been in a\u00a0<u>downturn<\/u>\u00a0for the past year.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les exemples \u00e9nonc\u00e9s ci-dessus nous \u00e9num\u00e8rent les diff\u00e9rents verbes \u00e0 UNE particule. Cependant, il existe \u00e9galement des verbes \u00e0 DEUX particules ! Le sens de ces verbes ne peut malheureusement pas \u00eatre devin\u00e9 avec la signification premi\u00e8re des particules. Il n&rsquo;y a donc d&rsquo;autres moyens que de les apprendre par c\u0153ur :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>All the members of the team\u00a0<u>get along<\/u>\u00a0well\u00a0<u>with<\/u>\u00a0each other.\u00a0<\/em>(have a good relationship with)<\/li>\n<li><em>It\u2019s hard to\u00a0<u>keep up with<\/u>\u00a0him when he walks as he\u2019s got long legs.\u00a0<\/em>(go as fast as)<\/li>\n<li><em><u>Look out fo<\/u><\/em><em>r pickpockets when you go to very touristy areas.\u00a0<\/em>(be careful about)<\/li>\n<li><em>I\u2019ve decided not to\u00a0<u>put up with<\/u>\u00a0all their angry arguments.\u00a0<\/em>(tolerate)<\/li>\n<li><em>We\u2019ve\u00a0<u>run out of<\/u>\u00a0paper in the photocopier.\u00a0<\/em>(have none left)<\/li>\n<li><em>The finance department has asked us to\u00a0<u>cut down on<\/u>\u00a0extra expenses.\u00a0<\/em>(reduce)<\/li>\n<li><em>They\u2019ve decided to\u00a0<u>do away with<\/u>\u00a0paper files.\u00a0<\/em>(abolish)<\/li>\n<li><em>Our manager can never\u00a0<u>face up to<\/u>\u00a0his responsibilities.\u00a0<\/em>(not avoid)<\/li>\n<li><em>I\u2019ll\u00a0<u>take<\/u>\u00a0you\u00a0<u>up on<\/u>\u00a0your offer.\u00a0<\/em>(accept)<\/li>\n<li><em>The shop quickly\u00a0<u>sold out of<\/u>\u00a0the new line of mobile phones.\u00a0<\/em>(sell everything)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% 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