{"id":4461,"date":"2018-04-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/blog\/toeic-grammaire-les-temps-du-passe\/"},"modified":"2022-08-22T11:18:47","modified_gmt":"2022-08-22T09:18:47","slug":"toeic-grammaire-les-temps-du-passe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/fr\/toeic-grammaire-les-temps-du-passe\/","title":{"rendered":"Grammaire anglaise TOEIC : les temps du pass\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><div class=\"seocont\">\n<div class=\"title\">\n<p>Il y a de nombreux temps en anglais pour exprimer l\u2019id\u00e9e du pass\u00e9. Il existe par exemple le pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit ou <em>simple past<\/em> qui renvoie \u00e0 une action termin\u00e9e. Il existe \u00e9galement le <em>present perfect<\/em> (<em>have + Participe Pass\u00e9<\/em>) qui est utilis\u00e9 pour faire le lien entre le pass\u00e9 et le pr\u00e9sent et n\u2019est que parfois, similaire au pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais. Le <em>past continuous<\/em> (<em>was\/were<\/em> + verbe en <em>\u2013ING<\/em>) d\u00e9crit une action qui dure dans le pass\u00e9 et correspond parfois \u00e0 l\u2019imparfait fran\u00e7ais. Le <em>past perfect<\/em> ou <em>plu perfect<\/em> d\u00e9crit quant \u00e0 lui une action ant\u00e9rieure \u00e0 une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pass\u00e9e. Dans le test du TOEIC, il y a souvent des questions o\u00f9 il s\u2019agit de choisir le bon temps pour un verbe, il est donc n\u00e9cessaire de revoir tous les temps, et ce temps est souvent source d\u2019erreurs puisque les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences utilis\u00e9es en anglais pour utiliser un <em>present perfect<\/em> sont souvent bien diff\u00e9rentes de celles du pass\u00e9 compos\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-widget-area fusion-widget-area-1 fusion-content-widget-area\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-widget-area-1 {padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {font-size:18px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 {font-size:18px;}<\/style><div id=\"custom_html-411\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html\" style=\"border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;\"><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"full-widget-flag\"><img class=\"widget-title-icon\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Trac-34.png\">OFFERT !<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"full-widget-content\">\r\n<h3 class=\"full-widget-title highlight\">\r\n<strong>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger votre guide gratuit<\/strong> de pr\u00e9paration au TOEIC<\/h3>\r\n\t<div class=\"widget-cta\"><a href=\"\/blog\/fr\/ressources\/ebooks\/ebook-toeic\/\" style=\"color: white !important; text-decoration: none !important;\">J'EN PROFITE !<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"custom_html-412\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html\" style=\"border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;\"><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"full-widget-flag\"><img class=\"widget-title-icon\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Trac-34.png\">FREE !<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"full-widget-content\">\r\n<h3 class=\"full-widget-title highlight\">\r\n<strong>Download your free <\/strong> TOEIC preparation guide<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"widget-cta\">I'M ENJOYING IT!<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"custom_html-445\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html\" style=\"border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;\"><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"full-widget-flag\"><img class=\"widget-title-icon\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Trac-34.png\">\u00a1Gratis!<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"full-widget-content\">\r\n<h3 class=\"full-widget-title highlight\">\r\n<strong>Descarga tu gu\u00eda<\/strong> para prepararte gratis para el TOEIC<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"widget-cta\">\u00a1Aprov\u00e9chalo!<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-additional-widget-content\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;margin-top : 30px;margin-bottom : 60px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><div class=\"seocont\">\n<div class=\"title\">\n<h2><strong>Le Past simple ou pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Structure du Past simple<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><u>Affirmative<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Pour les verbes r\u00e9guliers, il suffit d\u2019ajouter la terminaison \u2013<em>ED<\/em> \u00e0 la base verbale. Ainsi <em>walk<\/em> deviendra <em>walked<\/em> au pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit comme dans:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Three days ago I walked from work to home because of the strike.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pour les verbes irr\u00e9guliers, il faut les apprendre (\u00e9ventuellement par terminaison commune plut\u00f4t que par ordre alphab\u00e9tique) et consid\u00e9rer la 2<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> colonne du tableau. <em>Bring <\/em>deviendra <em>brought <\/em>comme dans:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Josh<\/em> <em>brought Farah her homework\u00a0yesterday<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les modaux ainsi que le verbe \u00eatre ont leur propre pass\u00e9. <em>Can &gt; could, may &gt; might, shall &gt; shoud, will &gt; would <\/em>et<em> be&gt;was (<\/em>singulier)<em>\/were (<\/em>pluriel<em>)<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Ben couldn\u2019t sleep last night.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Audrey might not drive.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Should they invite you?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>He asked whether she would do it.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Delphine and Greg were on an island when I was on a continent.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>b. N\u00e9gative<\/u><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019auxiliaire <em>didn\u2019t<\/em> sera commun\u00e9ment utilis\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Helen didn\u2019t miss her train<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>L\u2019auxiliaire \u00eatre <em>be<\/em> devient <em>wasn\u2019t <\/em>au singulier (<em>I, he, she, it<\/em>) et <em>weren\u2019t<\/em> au pluriel (<em>you, we, they<\/em>).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Sandrine and Virginia weren\u2019t very honest with their team.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Utilisation du Past simple<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Le pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit ou <em>simple past <\/em>s\u2019utilise pour d\u00e9crire des faits r\u00e9volus, termin\u00e9s, finis.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Atma arrived in France 2 years ago<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Indices<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Les mots comme <em>&lsquo;ago, in<\/em> + date \/\u00a0ann\u00e9e \/\u00a0jour \/\u00a0si\u00e8cle pass\u00e9, <em>yesterday, last&rsquo; <\/em>indiquent tr\u00e8s souvent le besoin du<em> past simple<\/em> car ils font r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 des situations pass\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Le pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit modal<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Il s\u2019utilise de fa\u00e7on g\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour l\u2019irr\u00e9el du pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Structure du Past Modal<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><u>Affirmative<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>La seule variation avec le pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit\/<em>past simple<\/em> est avec le verbe \u00eatre qui devient <em>were <\/em>\u00e0 toutes les formes (au singulier \u00e9galement).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I wish I were rich.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>b. N\u00e9gative<\/u><\/p>\n<p><em>Not<\/em> ou <em>n\u2019t <\/em>est rajout\u00e9 \u00e0 la forme similaire qu\u2019au pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit sans oublier le <em>were<\/em> \u00e0 toutes les formes qui devient <em>weren\u2019t<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>He wishes he weren\u2019t that short<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-40295\" src=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"Le preterit en anglais\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire-200x133.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire-400x267.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire-800x533.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-anglais-grammaire.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Principales utilisations<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>C\u2019est le versant pass\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9quivalent du subjonctif que vous pouvez trouver dans les temps du pr\u00e9sent. De fa\u00e7on plus pr\u00e9cise, il s\u2019utilise pour\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se ou la supposition\u00a0:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u00a0If you <strong>were <\/strong>bilingual, would you learn a third language?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>If John <strong>were<\/strong> grateful, he would appreciate life much more.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Le regret ou le souhait\u00a0avec <em>wish<\/em> ou <em>if only<\/em>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0<em>Cory is so unpleasant. I wish he were nicer.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>If only she were on time for once, we could start the meeting with her.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u2019impatience\u00a0avec <em>it\u2019s (high\/about) time<\/em>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><em>\u00a0It\u2019s high time they paid their employee decently.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>La pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u00a0avec <em>would rather<\/em>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0<em>I&rsquo;m going to give him a piece of my mind. \u2013 I&rsquo;d rather you didn&rsquo;t.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Le Present perfect<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Structure du present perfect<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong><em>HAVE<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<strong>(ou\u00a0<em>HAS<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u00e0 la 3\u00e8me personne du singulier) +\u00a0\u00a0PARTICIPE PASS\u00c9\u00a0<\/strong>(soit la forme en \u2013<em>ed<\/em> pour les verbes r\u00e9guliers, soit la colonne 3 d\u2019une liste de verbes irr\u00e9guliers).<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><u>Affirmative<\/u>:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I have met with the plant manager many times to discuss productivity issues of the new assembly line.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>She has met with the plant manager many times to discuss productivity issues of the new assembly line.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><u>b. N\u00e9gative<\/u>:<\/li>\n<li><em>I\u00a0have\u00a0not\u00a0spoken\u00a0with them this week. = I\u00a0haven&rsquo;t\u00a0spoken\u00a0with them this week.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>She\u00a0has\u00a0not\u00a0spoken\u00a0with them this week. = She\u00a0hasn&rsquo;t\u00a0spoken\u00a0with them this week.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>c. Question\/interrogative:<\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Have\u00a0you\u00a0spoken\u00a0with them this week?\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Yes, I\u00a0have. \/ No, I\u00a0haven&rsquo;t.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Revoyons maintenant les principales utilisations du <em>present perfect<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Utilisations du present perfect<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>a. Actions pass\u00e9es qui ont des cons\u00e9quences dans le pr\u00e9sent. <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>The production manager has met with the director of the plant several times and spoken to him about productivity issues of the new assembly line.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>When did the action take place? <\/em><em>Recently, many times.\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>What consequence does it have for the present? The production manager has met with the plant director to speak about the productivity issues of the new assembly line: the plant director now knows and can act.\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>b. Actions qui ont commenc\u00e9 dans le pass\u00e9 et qui sont toujours en cours au moment o\u00f9 nous parlons<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u200b<\/strong><em>The director\u00a0has\u00a0worked\u00a0at this plant for 10 years.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>When did the action begin? <\/em><em>10 years ago.\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Has it finished? No, the director still works at the plant.\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>c. Exp\u00e9riences<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I&rsquo;ve never visited Hong-Kong.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Where has he gone?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Have you ever watched that movie?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>d. Fait qui vient de se terminer<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>She has just finished writing her cover letter.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong><em>Present Perfect<\/em> ou <em>Past\u00a0Simple<\/em> ? Quel temps du pass\u00e9 utiliser en anglais ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Les fran\u00e7ais ont souvent du mal \u00e0 faire la diff\u00e9rence entre le <em>present perfect<\/em> et le <em>past simple<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Regardez les phrases suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>David\u00a0<strong>lived<\/strong>\u00a0in Hong Kong in 2007. <\/em><em>(Past simple)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>David\u00a0<u>has lived<\/u>\u00a0in Hong Kong. <\/em><em>(Present perfect)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dans la premi\u00e8re phrase, on utilise le <strong><em>past simple<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0parce qu\u2019on a fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 un moment r\u00e9volu dans le pass\u00e9. Dans la deuxi\u00e8me phrase, il n\u2019y a pas de mention de temps. Nous ne savons pas quand David a v\u00e9cu \u00e0 Hong Kong, et nous ne savons pas si David vit toujours \u00e0 Hong Kong, donc nous utilisons le <u>present perfect<\/u><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><s>David\u00a0<strong>has lived<\/strong>\u00a0in Hong Kong<strong>\u00a0in 2007<\/strong><\/s><\/em><em>.<\/em>\u00a0 Cette phrase est fausse. On n\u2019utilise pas le present perfect si un moment pass\u00e9 sp\u00e9cifique et termin\u00e9 est \u00e9voqu\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><em>David\u00a0<strong>has lived<\/strong>\u00a0in Hong Kong\u00a0<u>since<\/u>\u00a02007. \u00a0 <\/em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 (Ces deux phrases seraient<\/li>\n<li><em>David\u00a0<strong>has lived<\/strong>\u00a0in Hong Kong\u00a0<u>for<\/u>\u00a0seven years.<\/em> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0au pr\u00e9sent en fran\u00e7ais.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nous savons que David\u00a0vit <strong>toujours<\/strong> \u00e0 Hong Kong. Pr\u00eatez attention \u00e0 l\u2019utilisation des mots \u2018<em>since<\/em>\u2019 et \u2018<em>for<\/em>\u2019. Ils pr\u00eatent \u00e0 confusion\u00a0! \u2018<em>Since<\/em>\u2019 est suivi par un moment pr\u00e9cis du pass\u00e9 (&lsquo;2007&rsquo;<em>, &lsquo;yesterday&rsquo;, &lsquo;last month&rsquo;<\/em>, etc.), et \u2018<em>for<\/em>\u2019 est suivi par une dur\u00e9e (<em>&lsquo;seven years&rsquo;<\/em>, <em>&lsquo;three minutes&rsquo;, &lsquo;an eternity&rsquo;<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><em>Mr. Brandon\u00a0<strong>worked<\/strong>\u00a0on productivity issues at the plant for a year (from 2010 to 2011)<\/em>. Mr. Brandon ne travaille plus sur ces probl\u00e9matiques. Nous le savons parce que le verbe est au pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit\/<em>past simple<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Mr. Brandon\u00a0<strong>has worked<\/strong>\u00a0on productivity issues at the plant for a year.<\/em> Il est probable que Mr. Brandon continue \u00e0 travailler sur ces probl\u00e9matiques. Nous le savons parce que le verbe est au <em>present perfect<\/em>. L\u2019action n\u2019est pas encore termin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>De plus le <em>present perfect<\/em> et le <em>past simple<\/em> ont souvent des marqueurs sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/p>\n<p>On trouve donc pour le <em>present perfect<\/em>: <em>&lsquo;ever, never, not&#8230;yet, already, recently, so far, just, since, for&rsquo;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Pour le <em>past simple<\/em>: <em>&lsquo;ago, in<\/em> + date \/\u00a0ann\u00e9e \/\u00a0jour \/\u00a0si\u00e8cle pass\u00e9, <em>yesterday, last&rsquo;<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Le Past continuous (was\/were + verbe en -ING)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Structure du past continuous<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><u>Affirmative<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A la forme affirmative, le <em>past continuous<\/em> se conjugue avec \u00eatre au pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit (<em>was\/were<\/em>) puis le verbe auquel on ajoute la terminaison <em>\u2013ING\u00a0<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Shella was working efficiently when she wasn\u2019t pressured by Gale Exports.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Fiona and Lark were watching a movie when the hospital rang.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>b. N\u00e9gative<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Il suffit d\u2019ajouter <em>not <\/em>ou<em> n\u2019t <\/em>\u00e0 l\u2019auxiliaire <em>was<\/em> ou <em>were <\/em>et de toujours lui faire suivre le verbe en <em>\u2013ING<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0<em>Olly wasn\u2019t studying when Jessica arrived.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Fabian and Lara weren\u2019t listening to the lesson when their trainer sent them out<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><u>c. Interrogative<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Comme dans toute question, l\u2019auxiliaire <em>was\/were<\/em> pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le verbe en <em>\u2013ING.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Was he being listening to him when they had a meeting?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Were we shouting that loud when she came in?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Who was I talking about when the elevator came?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Why were they singing during the presentation?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-40297\" src=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"utilisation du past continuous en anglais\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais-200x133.jpeg 200w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais-400x267.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais-600x400.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais-800x533.jpeg 800w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais-1024x682.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/passe-en-anglais.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Utilisations du past continuous<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Le <em>past continuous<\/em> d\u00e9crit un fait non termin\u00e9 dans le pass\u00e9 ou une action continue dans le pass\u00e9. Quand on dit\u00a0: <em>When I was having a bath, someone rang at the door, <\/em>on dit que prendre son bain est une action continue dans le pass\u00e9 qui est interrompue par l\u2019action ponctuelle au pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit qui sonne \u00e0 la porte.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Past perfect ou plus perfect simple<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Structure<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: lower-alpha;\">\n<li><u>Affirmative<\/u><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>A la forme affirmative, le <em>past perfect<\/em> se forme avec <em>had <\/em>suivi par le participe pass\u00e9\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><em>We had moved to Paris before he studied in Paris.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><u>b. N\u00e9gative<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Comme pour toutes les n\u00e9gations, il suffit d\u2019ajouter <em>not<\/em> ou <em>n\u2019t <\/em>\u00e0 l\u2019auxiliaire\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><em>They hadn\u2019t visited China before they settled in Australia.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><u>c. Interrogative<\/u><\/p>\n<p>L\u2019ordre des mots des questions est respect\u00e9 avec <em>had <\/em>qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le participe pass\u00e9\u00a0:<\/p>\n<p><em>Had he previously been violent before he was arrested?<\/em><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Principales utilisations<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Le<em> past perfect<\/em> ou <em>plu perfect <\/em>s\u2019utilise pour\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Une action finie avant un contexte au pr\u00e9t\u00e9rit\u00a0:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><em>You <strong>had<\/strong>\u00a0never\u00a0<strong>seen<\/strong>\u00a0such a beautiful beach before you went to Kauai.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>La dur\u00e9e d\u2019un verbe pass\u00e9 avant un environnement au <em>past simple<\/em>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>They felt bad about selling the house because they\u00a0<strong>had owned<\/strong>\u00a0it for more than forty years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>La ma\u00eetrise des temps pour exprimer le pass\u00e9 peut vous \u00eatre utile notamment dans les parties 5 et 6 du TOEIC mais aussi pour les parties <em>Speaking<\/em> et <em>Writing <\/em>du TOEFL IBT et IELTS, la partie 1<em> sentence completion <\/em>et 2 <em>error identification<\/em> du <em>writing <\/em>du TOEFL IBT<em>, <\/em>les exercices QCM, les exercices \u00e0 trous ouverts <em>open close<\/em> du IELTS ainsi que dans les phrases \u00e0 trous et textes \u00e0 trous et textes ouverts \u00e0 trous du <em>reading<\/em> du BULATS.<\/p>\n<h2>Plus de fiches de grammaire en anglais sur la plateforme GlobalExam<\/h2>\n<p>Si vous avez aim\u00e9 cette fiche de grammaire et que vous souhaitez en d\u00e9couvrir plus, alors inscrivez-vous sur la plateforme GlobalExam pour obtenir de nombreuses <strong>autres fiches gratuites<\/strong> ainsi que des<strong> fiches de vocabulaire<\/strong>. Qu&rsquo;attendez-vous ?<\/p>\n<p>Retrouvez toutes nos\u00a0<a title=\"Fiches Grammaire Global-Exam\" href=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/fr\/toeic-grammaire\/\">fiches de grammaire en ligne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-3{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":74788,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2214],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.2.1 - 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