{"id":4468,"date":"2016-09-08T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2016-09-07T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/blog\/toeic-grammaire-verbes-modaux\/"},"modified":"2022-08-26T10:39:32","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T08:39:32","slug":"grammaire-verbes-modaux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/fr\/grammaire-verbes-modaux\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche grammaire : verbes modaux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><div class=\"seocont\">\n<div class=\"title\">\n<p>Les modaux sont des auxiliaires qui expriment des id\u00e9es comme la capacit\u00e9, la permission, la possibilit\u00e9 et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9. Beaucoup de\u00a0modaux ont plus d\u2019un seul sens. Le terme \u2018modal\u2019 est li\u00e9 au mot \u2018mood\u2019 (l\u2019humeur). Dans le test du TOEIC, on trouve souvent des questions dans lesquelles il faut choisir le bon modal en fonction du contexte de la phrase.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-widget-area fusion-widget-area-1 fusion-content-widget-area\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-widget-area-1 {padding:0px 0px 0px 0px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 {color:#333333;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget h4 {font-size:18px;}.fusion-widget-area-1 .widget .heading h4 {font-size:18px;}<\/style><div id=\"custom_html-452\" class=\"widget_text widget widget_custom_html\" style=\"border-style: solid;border-color:transparent;border-width:0px;\"><div class=\"textwidget custom-html-widget\"><div class=\"full-widget-flag\"><img class=\"widget-title-icon\" src=\"\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Trac-34.png\">OFFERT !<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"full-widget-content\">\r\n<h3 class=\"full-widget-title highlight\">\r\n<strong>T\u00e9l\u00e9charger votre guide gratuit<\/strong> de pr\u00e9paration au BRIGHT English<\/h3>\r\n\t<div class=\"widget-cta\"><a href=\"\/blog\/fr\/ressources\/ebooks\/ebook-bright-english\/\" style=\"color: white !important; text-decoration: none !important;\">J'EN PROFITE !<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-additional-widget-content\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;margin-top : 30px;margin-bottom : 60px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><div class=\"seocont\">\n<div class=\"title\">\n<p><strong>Les informations suivantes expliquent la forme des diff\u00e9rent modaux\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Forme<\/h3>\n<p>Les modaux sont suivis par l\u2019infinitif <strong>sans \u2018to\u2019 <\/strong>ou<strong> base verbale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Les exceptions sont :\u00a0<strong>have to, need to, ought to.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>I must leave. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>We need to go to the station now.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>I can\u2019t find the customer\u2019s file. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>I have to update the application.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Could we begin the meeting later? \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>They ought to stay longer.<\/em><\/p>\n<h3>Les modaux sont importants pour la politesse\u00a0!<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Propositions = May I&#8230; ? \/ Can I\u2026? \/ Could you\u2026? \/ Would you like\u2026?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>On utilise ces modaux quand on propose d\u2019aider quelqu\u2019un ou qu\u2019on propose de faire quelque chose.<\/li>\n<li><em>May I smoke ?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Can I help you carry your bags ?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Would you like to join us for a drink ?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Demandes = Can I\u2026? \/ Could I\u2026? \/ Can you\u2026? \/ Would you\u2026? \/ Could you\u2026?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On utilise ces modaux quand on demande \u00e0 quelqu\u2019un si on peut faire quelque chose ou quand on demande \u00e0 quelqu\u2019un de faire quelque chose.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Could I borrow your tablet for a moment?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Would you explain the procedure to me, please?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Suggestions polies = You could\u2026\/ we could\u2026 \/ I think we should\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ces modaux sont utilis\u00e9s pour sugg\u00e9rer avec diplomatie.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>You could take a shuttle bus to the airport \u2013 it\u2019s less expensive.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I think we should postpone the meeting.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Permission = Can I\u2026 ? \/ May I\u2026 ? \/ You can \/ you may<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ces modaux sont de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne du singulier quand on demande une permission ou une autorisation de faire quelque chose. La r\u00e9ponse est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 la deuxi\u00e8me personne quand on vous donne (ou non) la permission.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Can I \/ May I leave the meeting early?<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Yes, you can.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3>Modaux: certitude, capacit\u00e9, conseil, obligation, possibilit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Certitude = Will \/ won\u2019t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ces modaux peuvent \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme le premier conditionnel, comme quand on dit \u2018<em>If there\u2019s too much traffic, I won\u2019t catch my train<\/em>.\u2019<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>There\u2019s too much traffic, I won\u2019t catch my plane\u2026<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Pour exprimer l\u2019incertitude dans le futur, on utilise \u2018may not\u2019 ou \u2018might not\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2018May not\u2019 et \u2018might not\u2019 sont \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s similaires \u00e0 \u2018may\u2019 et \u2018might\u2019. Si on dit \u2018It may\u00a0rain\u2019 ou \u2018It may\u00a0not rain\u2019, il y a dans les deux cas environ 50% de chances qu\u2019il pleuve\u00a0! Lorsque l&rsquo;on utilise &lsquo;might\u00a0\u00bb ou &lsquo;might not&rsquo;, les chances sont bien plus faibles et on ajoute l&rsquo;id\u00e9e d&rsquo;une situation malheureuse comme dans &lsquo;It might rain on your wedding day&rsquo;.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>We may not recruit anymore people in the coming months.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>It might snow when we drive to the ski resort.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Capacit\u00e9 = Can\/can\u2019t, could\/couldn\u2019t (past), be able to<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ces modaux expriment votre capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 faire quelque chose et on peut substituer \u00e0 l\u2019expression \u2018be able to\u2019, \u2018can\u2019 ou \u2018could\u2019. Bien \u00e9videmment, il faut conjuguer le verbe \u2018be\u2019 selon qu\u2019il est au pr\u00e9sent, au pass\u00e9 ou au futur. En fait, on peut mettre \u2018be able to\u2019 \u00e0 n\u2019importe quel temps (exemple\u00a0: present perfect \u2013 I haven\u2019t been able to reach her today).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I can\u2019t read this, I never learned Spanish.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I couldn\u2019t tell him because he was out of the office.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I won\u2019t be able to attend the meeting as I\u2019ll be on vacation.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conseil = should\/shouldn\u2019t\/ought to<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le modal \u2018should\u2019 est le plus commun pour donner un conseil ou faire une recommandation. \u2018Ought to\u2019 peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 sous une forme n\u00e9gative (ought not to), mais il n\u2019est habituellement pas utilis\u00e9 sous une forme interrogative. &lsquo;Ought to&rsquo; est utilis\u00e9 dans un contexte tr\u00e8s formel comme dans un contexte l\u00e9gislatif.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>You should talk to your manager if there\u2019s a problem.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>You shouldn\u2019t interrupt him while he is\u00a0making his presentation.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>They ought to give her more training in English.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Obligation = Must, have to<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pour traduire l\u2019obligation, vous pouvez utiliser ces deux modaux. Cependant, \u2018must\u2019 ne peut pas \u00eatre conjugu\u00e9 au pass\u00e9 et au futur, donc il n\u2019a qu\u2019un sens de pr\u00e9sent ou de futur proche. &lsquo;Must&rsquo; indique une obligation interne ou morale\u00a0alors que &lsquo;have to&rsquo; renvoie \u00e0 une obligation externe ou r\u00e9glementaire.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>You have to pay your taxes before April 15th.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>You must\u00a0save the data before you close the application.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u201cMust\u201d dans le pass\u00e9 ou dans le futur<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pour exprimer l\u2019obligation dans le pass\u00e9, le futur ou d\u2019autres temps, il faut utiliser \u2018have to\u2019 en conjuguant le verbe \u2018have\u2019 dans le temps que l\u2019on utilise.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I had to leave the meeting early because it was starting to snow.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I will have to see him when he gets back.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>He has had to move three times in the past 6 months.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Non- n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 = Don\u2019t (doesn&rsquo;t) have to \/\u00a0don\u2019t (doesn&rsquo;t) need to\/needn\u2019t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La forme n\u00e9gative de \u2018have to\u2019 consiste simplement \u00e0 conjuger \u2018have\u2019 dans sa forme n\u00e9gative. On peut aussi utiliser le verbe \u2018need\u2019 aussi bien comme verbe r\u00e9gulier que comme auxiliaire modal.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>You don\u2019t have to write the report in English.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>He doesn\u2019t need to go there as they will come here.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>You needn\u2019t bother replying; they never read their messages.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Interdiction = Mustn\u2019t, can\u2019t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La forme n\u00e9gative de \u2018must\u2019 n\u2019a PAS le m\u00eame sens que la forme n\u00e9gative de \u2018have to\u2019. \u2018Mustn\u2019t\u2019 veut dire que quelque chose est interdit ou non-autoris\u00e9. C\u2019est un terme tr\u00e8s fort. \u2018Can\u2019t\u2019 est une autre possibilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>You mustn\u2019t smoke in front of the building as it gives a bad image of the company.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>You can\u2019t enter the building without an ID card.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Possibilit\u00e9\/sp\u00e9culation = May, might, could, may not, might not, must, can\u2019t<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On utilise ces modaux pour exprimer l\u2019id\u00e9e de possibilit\u00e9 ou pour sp\u00e9culer sur quelque chose qui a lieu ou qui a eu lieu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>We could have problems with the new strategy.<\/em>\u00a0(Nous n\u2019en sommes pas s\u00fbrs.)<\/li>\n<li><em>We might not obtain the contract.<\/em>\u00a0(C\u2019est possible, mais nous ne sommes pas s\u00fbrs.)<\/li>\n<li><em>There may be a strike next week.<\/em>\u00a0(Il y a une possibilit\u00e9, mais ce n\u2019est pas s\u00fbr.)<\/li>\n<li><em>There\u2019s a lot of noise in the next office. They must be having a party.<\/em>\u00a0(Nous supposons qu\u2019il y a une f\u00eate.)<\/li>\n<li><em>There\u2019s a charge of $70 000 for one computer on this invoice! <\/em><em>It can\u2019t be right!<\/em>\u00a0(Nous supposons qu\u2019il y a une erreur.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Sp\u00e9culation dans le pass\u00e9 = may, might, must, can\u2019t, couldn\u2019t + have done, have been done<\/strong>\u00a0or <strong>have been doing<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>She bought the shares when they were inexpensive and sold them at their highest value, so she must have made a lot of money.<\/em>\u00a0(Nous supposons qu\u2019elle a gagn\u00e9 de l\u2019argent \u00e0 ce moment)<\/li>\n<li><em>I don\u2019t know why Mr. Brandon wasn\u2019t at the meeting. He might have been delayed in traffic.<\/em>\u00a0(Nous supposons qu\u2019il a eu un probl\u00e8me \u00e0 ce moment.)<\/li>\n<li><em>You couldn\u2019t have seen Ms. Jamison at the concert, because she was out of town at the time.<\/em>\u00a0(Il n\u2019est pas possible que vous l\u2019ayez vue \u00e0 ce moment.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-3{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1710,1754,4775,4764,2048,2124,2164,2214],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.2.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Fiche grammaire : verbes modaux - GlobalExam Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les verbes modaux pour r\u00e9ussir les questions de grammaire. 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