{"id":68919,"date":"2021-11-23T10:27:54","date_gmt":"2021-11-23T09:27:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/?p=68919"},"modified":"2021-12-08T15:00:36","modified_gmt":"2021-12-08T14:00:36","slug":"que-es-el-present-perfect-y-como-se-usa-en-ingles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/es\/gramatica-en-ingles-que-es-el-present-perfect-y-como-se-usa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es el present perfect y c\u00f3mo se usa en ingl\u00e9s?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>En este art\u00edculo trataremos un tiempo verbal muy importante y frecuentemente usado en ingl\u00e9s: el <strong>presente perfecto<\/strong> o <em>present perfect<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Espec\u00edficamente, nos centraremos en:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Qu\u00e9 es<\/strong> el present perfect.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00f3mo se estructura seg\u00fan los distintos <strong>tipos de oraciones<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Cu\u00e1ndo debemos utilizar<\/strong> este tiempo verbal.<\/li>\n<li>Comprobar tus conocimientos a trav\u00e9s de varios <strong>ejercicios<\/strong> pr\u00e1cticos.<\/li>\n<li>Una herramienta digital que puede ayudarte a dominar este y otros conceptos del ingl\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00bfTe gustar\u00eda saber m\u00e1s? Entonces lee con atenci\u00f3n las siguientes secciones.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-0{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-0 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-1{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-justify-content-center\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div style=\"text-align:center;\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-button.button-1 {border-radius:25px;}<\/style><a class=\"fusion-button button-flat button-medium button-default button-1 fusion-button-span-no fusion-button-default-type\" target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/auth.global-exam.com\/register\" style=\"margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;\"><span class=\"fusion-button-text\">Eval\u00faate gratuitamente<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-1{width:100% !important;order : 0;}.fusion-builder-column-1 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-2{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 20px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0);background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0px;border-color:#eae9e9;border-style:solid;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start\" style=\"max-width:1456px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\" style=\"background-position:left top;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><h2>Estructuras y conjugaci\u00f3n del present perfect<\/h2>\n<p>El present perfect es un tiempo verbal que <strong>equivale al presente perfecto en espa\u00f1ol<\/strong> y se estructura de la misma manera que en nuestra lengua (auxiliar \u00abhaber\u00bb + participio), aunque debemos <strong>tener en cuenta el tipo de frases<\/strong> para conjugar y ordenar los verbos correctamente.<\/p>\n<h3>Estructura afirmativa<\/h3>\n<p>En las formas afirmativas, la estructura de este tiempo verbal es la siguiente:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>sujeto + auxiliar <em>have \/ has<\/em> + participio pasado<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I have lived in this city for five years<\/em>. (He vivido en esta ciudad durante cinco a\u00f1os.)<\/li>\n<li><em>My brother has travelled around Europe this summer<\/em>. (Mi hermano ha viajado por Europa este verano.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Recuerda que el auxiliar has debe usarse con los sujetos correspondientes a la tercera persona del singular (he\/she\/it).<\/p>\n<h3>Estructura negativa<\/h3>\n<p>Si la forma es negativa, debemos a\u00f1adir not al auxiliar:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>sujeto + auxiliar <em>have \/ has<\/em> + not (= haven\u2019t \/ hasn\u2019t) + participio pasado<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I haven\u2019t eaten anything since breakfast<\/em>. (No he comido nada desde el desayuno.)<\/li>\n<li><em>Silvia hasn\u2019t visited the art museum, but she\u2019d love to<\/em>. (Silvia no ha visitado el museo de arte, pero le encantar\u00eda.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-68923 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/que-es-present-perfect-gramatica-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"El present perfect es un tiempo verbal que equivale al presente perfecto en espa\u00f1ol.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/que-es-present-perfect-gramatica-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/que-es-present-perfect-gramatica-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/que-es-present-perfect-gramatica-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/que-es-present-perfect-gramatica-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/que-es-present-perfect-gramatica.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>En la lengua cotidiana, es bastante habitual <strong>contraer el auxiliar y la part\u00edcula negativa<\/strong>, por lo que encontrar\u00e1s las <strong>contracciones<\/strong> haven\u2019t y hasn\u2019t frecuentemente.<\/p>\n<h3>Estructura interrogativa<\/h3>\n<p>Por \u00faltimo, en las formas interrogativas, debemos colocar el auxiliar en primera posici\u00f3n, antes del sujeto:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><strong>auxiliar <em>have<\/em> \/ <em>has<\/em> + sujeto + participio pasado<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Have you met my cousin Laura?<\/em> (\u00bfConoces a mi prima Laura?; literalmente: has conocido)<\/li>\n<li><em>Has your friend come around today?<\/em> (\u00bfTu amigo ha pasado por aqu\u00ed hoy?)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00bfCu\u00e1ndo utilizar el presente perfecto?<\/h2>\n<p>En ingl\u00e9s, el presente perfecto se usa para hablar de acciones que ocurrieron o se iniciaron en el pasado y que tienen un efecto o que son relevantes en el presente, como vivencias, experiencias o acciones que a\u00fan no han finalizado. Veamos algunos ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>I have worked for several advertising agencies in the last few years<\/em>. (He trabajado para varias agencias de publicidad en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2192 La acci\u00f3n comenz\u00f3 en el pasado y es relevante en el momento del habla; es posible que el hablante a\u00fan trabaje para una de estas empresas.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>We have been married for ten years<\/em>. (Llevamos diez a\u00f1os casados.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2192 El matrimonio comenz\u00f3 hace diez a\u00f1os y contin\u00faa en el presente.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>They haven\u2019t talked to Pete yet<\/em>. (Ellos no han hablado con Pete todav\u00eda.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2192 Se indica que el sujeto ten\u00eda intenci\u00f3n de realizar una acci\u00f3n, pero esta no ha tenido lugar a\u00fan.<\/p>\n<p style=\"color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', 'Bitstream Charter', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-68922 aligncenter\" style=\"height: auto; max-width: 100%; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\" src=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/como-usar-presente-perfecto-ingles-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Hay ciertos adverbios de tiempo que se usan espec\u00edficamente con el present perfect.\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/como-usar-presente-perfecto-ingles-200x133.jpg 200w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/como-usar-presente-perfecto-ingles-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/como-usar-presente-perfecto-ingles-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/como-usar-presente-perfecto-ingles-600x399.jpg 600w, https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/como-usar-presente-perfecto-ingles.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, hay ciertos adverbios de tiempo que se usan espec\u00edficamente con el present perfect, por lo que te ser\u00e1 m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil saber que tienes que usar este tiempo. Estos son: <em>just<\/em> (acabar de, justo, apenas), <em>ever<\/em> (alguna vez), already (ya), <em>yet<\/em> (todav\u00eda, ya), <em>for<\/em> (durante), <em>since<\/em> (desde) y <em>how long<\/em> (cu\u00e1nto tiempo). F\u00edjate en c\u00f3mo se usan en los siguientes ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Roberto has just left. It\u2019s a pity you missed him!<\/em> (Roberto se acaba de marchar. \u00a1Es una pena que no te encontraras con \u00e9l!)<\/li>\n<li><em>Have you ever visited Thailand?<\/em> (\u00bfHas visitado Tailandia alguna vez?)<\/li>\n<li><em>I haven\u2019t finished my English homework yet.<\/em> (No he terminado mis deberes de ingl\u00e9s todav\u00eda.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Al emplear estos adverbios ten en cuenta su posici\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Just, ever<\/em> y <em>already<\/em> se colocan antes del participio, mientras que <em>yet<\/em> siempre se coloca al final de una frase negativa o una pregunta.<\/li>\n<li><em>How long<\/em> introduce una pregunta y <em>for<\/em> y <em>since<\/em> van seguidos de un per\u00edodo de tiempo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Antes de pasar a los ejercicios, te recordamos que entre nuestras <a href=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/es\/fichas-de-gramatica-en-ingles\/\">fichas de gram\u00e1tica del ingl\u00e9s<\/a> tenemos:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/es\/gramatica-en-ingles-cuales-son-las-reglas-del-pasado-simple\/\">Pasado simple en ingl\u00e9s: reglas de uso y ejercicios<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/es\/gramatica-en-ingles-subjuntivo-reglas-sobre-su-uso-y-ejemplos-de-ejercicios\/\">El subjuntivo en ingl\u00e9s: gu\u00eda sobre su uso y ejemplos de ejercicios<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/es\/gramatica-en-ingles-futuro-tipos-conjugacion-y-ejemplos-de-uso\/\">Futuro en ingl\u00e9s: tipos, conjugaci\u00f3n y ejemplos de uso en frases<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/blog\/es\/gramatica-en-ingles-tiempos-verbales-en-ingles-ejercicios-y-explicaciones\/\">Tiempos verbales en ingl\u00e9s: ejercicios y explicaciones<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Ejercicios sobre el presente perfecto<\/h2>\n<p>Despu\u00e9s de este an\u00e1lisis, \u00bftienes claro c\u00f3mo usar este tiempo verbal? Entonces ha llegado la hora de practicar. Te retamos a completar los siguientes ejercicios.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A.- Ordena las siguientes palabras y forma una oraci\u00f3n correcta en present perfect:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul>\n<li>had \/ have \/ just \/ I \/ an iced coffee<\/li>\n<li>you \/ made \/ a gingerbread house \/ have \/ ever ?<\/li>\n<li>yet \/ not \/ the \/ read \/ has \/ she \/ book<\/li>\n<li>in Paris \/ long \/ you \/ lived \/ how \/ have?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>B.- Ahora completa las siguientes frases conjugando los verbos entre par\u00e9ntesis en present perfect:<\/strong><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ol>\n<li>I (know) _________ Mar\u00eda since 2013.<\/li>\n<li>(you \/ try) _________ sushi?<\/li>\n<li>My sister (phone) _________ me today.<\/li>\n<li>(you \/ see) _________ my charger? I can\u2019t find it.<\/li>\n<li>I (not play) _________ that board game before. It looks fun!<\/li>\n<li>That dish looks yummy, but I can\u2019t eat anymore. I (have \/ just) _________ lunch.<\/li>\n<li>Isabel (not \/ come) _________ today. Is she sick?<\/li>\n<li>Surprise! We (bring) _________ you a present.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>SOLUCIONES<\/strong>: <em>A. 1. I have just had an iced coffee. 2. Have you ever made a gingerbread house? 3. She has not read the book yet. 4. How long have you lived in Paris?<\/em><br \/>\n<em>B. 1. have known, 2. have you tried, 3. has phoned, 4. have you seen, 5. haven\u2019t (= have not) played, 6. have just had, 7. hasn\u2019t (= has not) come, 8. have brought.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Mejora tu ingl\u00e9s con el Global General<\/h2>\n<p>\u00bfTienes ganas de seguir practicando? \u00bfTe gustar\u00eda <strong>perfeccionar tu nivel de ingl\u00e9s<\/strong>? Entonces tenemos justo lo que necesitas: la plataforma web <strong>Global General<\/strong>, con la que podr\u00e1s practicar y <a href=\"https:\/\/global-exam.com\/es\/general\/english\">aprender ingl\u00e9s a tu ritmo<\/a> y en la que te proporcionamos todas las herramientas necesarias para mejorar tu nivel de la lengua de <strong>manera eficaz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Con Global General podr\u00e1s <strong>centrarte en tus objetivos<\/strong>: t\u00fa eliges qu\u00e9 y cu\u00e1ndo practicar. Al suscribirte, tendr\u00e1s a tu disposici\u00f3n un sinf\u00edn de actividades corregidas y decenas de <strong>simulaciones de contextos reales<\/strong>, tarjetas de <strong>vocabulario<\/strong>, explicaciones, conferencias\u2026 todo esto con <strong>apoyo personalizado<\/strong> y comentarios de nuestros <strong>profesores nativos<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>No dejes pasar esta oportunidad. Prueba nuestra plataforma sin compromiso.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;margin-top : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {padding-top : 0px !important;padding-right : 0px !important;margin-right : 1.92%;padding-bottom : 0px !important;padding-left : 0px !important;margin-left : 1.92%;}@media only screen and (max-width:1024px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}@media only screen and (max-width:640px) {.fusion-body .fusion-builder-column-2{width:100% !important;}.fusion-builder-column-2 > .fusion-column-wrapper {margin-right : 1.92%;margin-left : 1.92%;}}<\/style><\/div><\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">.fusion-body .fusion-flex-container.fusion-builder-row-3{ padding-top : 0px;margin-top : 0px;padding-right : 0px;padding-bottom : 0px;margin-bottom : 0px;padding-left : 0px;}<\/style><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":68921,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5630],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.2.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Presente perfecto en ingl\u00e9s: uso, ejemplos y ejercicios<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfTienes claro c\u00f3mo y cu\u00e1ndo usar el presente perfecto en ingl\u00e9s? 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